Weather | 6–14°C, greyer, damper, more autumn feel | 3–10°C, colder, usually dry, crisp evenings | 4–10°C, coldest-feeling month, occasional frost |
Crowds | Low to moderate | Moderate, then high around Dec 24–31 | Low after Epiphany, except Jan 5–6 |
Atmosphere | Quiet museum season, early Christmas setup late month | Full lights, markets, sweets, and holiday mood | Calm, post-holiday, more local than festive |
Key events | Late-month Christmas market openings, jazz, flamenco season | Plaza Mayor Christmas Market, illuminations, Recoletos craft fair, Nochevieja | Three Kings Parade, Epiphany, FITUR late month |
Best for | Art lovers, quieter city breaks | Festive city trips, couples, food, markets, lights | Budget travellers, museum days, lower queues |
Book early? | Nice to have for shows and peak weekends | Yes, especially Dec 23–31 | Only for Three Kings and FITUR dates |